What Are Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders (OMDs)?
Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders (OMDs) are disorders involving improper function of the muscles of the face, mouth, tongue, and jaw. These disorders often develop due to a combination of structural differences, muscle weakness, airway concerns, and oral habits that interfere with normal growth and function. OMDs can affect individuals of all ages and may impact breathing, chewing, swallowing, speech production, sleep quality, and facial development.
Common Signs and Symptoms of OMDs
Individuals with an orofacial myofunctional disorder may experience one or more of the following:
Open-mouth posture and difficulty keeping the lips closed
Mouth breathing or chronic nasal congestion
Tongue thrust during speech or swallowing
Thumb sucking, prolonged pacifier use, or other oral habits
Reduced speech clarity or articulation difficulties
Drooling
Sleep disturbances, including snoring, restless sleep, or sleep apnea
Difficulties with chewing, feeding, or swallowing
Poor oral resting posture of the tongue and lips
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Orofacial myofunctional services are a systematic, individualized regimen of exercises and behavior modification techniques designed to retrain dysfunctional, adaptive patterns of the muscles in the face, mouth, and throat. These services aim to re-establish a healthy orofacial environment to support proper breathing, chewing, swallowing, and speaking.
The primary objectives of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) include:
Improving Oral Rest Posture: Retraining the tongue and lips to rest in their proper positions (e.g., lips sealed, tongue resting on the palate).
Establishing Nasal Breathing: Promoting breathing through the nose rather than the mouth, which stabilizes the airway and supports proper craniofacial growth.
Correcting Swallowing and Chewing: Eliminating aberrant swallowing patterns (such as a tongue thrust) and teaching the muscles of the lips, tongue, and jaw to coordinate effectively during eating.
Eliminating Harmful Habits: Using behavioral techniques to stop non-nutritive, noxious oral habits like thumb/finger sucking, prolonged pacifier use, nail/cheek biting, and teeth clenching or grinding.
Supporting Dental Work: Helping stabilize dentition and improving the long-term success of orthodontic treatments or pre/post frenectomy (tongue-tie release) procedures.
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Individuals with an orofacial myofunctional disorder may experience one or more of the following:
Open-mouth posture and difficulty keeping the lips closed
Mouth breathing or chronic nasal congestion
Tongue thrust during speech or swallowing
Thumb sucking, prolonged pacifier use, or other oral habits
Reduced speech clarity or articulation difficulties
Drooling
Sleep disturbances, including snoring, restless sleep, or sleep apnea
Difficulties with chewing, feeding, or swallowing
Poor oral resting posture of the tongue and lips
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Specialized Pre- and Post-Release Care
We specialize in therapy for children with lip ties and tongue ties (tethered oral tissues).
When the tongue cannot move freely, it may interfere with proper tongue posture and oral function, which can impact feeding, speech development, facial growth, and airway health.
Children with tongue ties may experience:
Difficulty breastfeeding or bottle feeding
Messy or inefficient eating
Food pocketing or difficulty chewing
Speech sound difficulties
Snoring or sleep-disordered breathing
Dental crowding or spacing concerns
Frequent headaches or facial tension
Jaw discomfort or TMJ symptoms
Difficulty maintaining oral hygiene
Drooling or excessive saliva
Our therapy program helps prepare children before a release procedure and provides guided exercises afterward to support optimal healing and long-term functional improvements.
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OMDs rarely have a single cause. They often result from multiple contributing factors, including:
Enlarged tonsils or adenoids
Chronic allergies or airway obstruction
Mouth breathing patterns
Tongue tie or other tethered oral tissues
Low muscle tone (hypotonia)
Developmental delays or neurological conditions
Structural differences such as cleft palate or jaw abnormalities
Genetic factors and birth-related complications
When left untreated, these factors can influence facial growth, dental alignment, airway health, and overall function.
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Untreated OMDs may contribute to:
Improper jaw and facial development
Dental malocclusions and orthodontic relapse
Speech sound disorders
Feeding and swallowing difficulties
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction
Headaches, neck pain, and facial discomfort
Sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea
Reduced quality of life and challenges with daily functioning
Early identification and intervention can help prevent long-term complications and support optimal growth and development.
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Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy is an individualized treatment approach designed to retrain the muscles of the face and mouth and establish healthy functional patterns. Therapy goals may include:
Promoting nasal breathing
Establishing proper tongue resting posture
Improving lip closure and oral resting posture
Normalizing chewing and swallowing patterns
Improving strength, coordination, and endurance of the oral muscles
Eliminating harmful oral habits such as thumb sucking, nail biting, tongue sucking, clenching, and grinding
A Collaborative Approach to Care
Successful treatment often involves collaboration among healthcare professionals, including speech-language pathologists, dentists, orthodontists, ENTs, sleep specialists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, lactation consultants, and other medical providers. Addressing the underlying causes of an OMD is essential for achieving long-term success and improving overall health and function.
At our practice, we provide comprehensive evaluations and individualized treatment plans to help patients develop healthy breathing, swallowing, speech, and oral function patterns that support lifelong wellness.
Schedule an Evaluation
If you are concerned about your child's breathing, speech, feeding, sleep, oral habits, or facial development, we are here to help.
Our comprehensive Orofacial Myofunctional evaluations identify underlying concerns and provide individualized recommendations to help your child reach their fullest potential.
Contact us today to schedule an evaluation and learn how Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy can support your child's health, development, and overall well-being.